Social science Revision test (answers)

PODAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Revision Test – 2(2020-21) Grade: VI Answer Scheme Subject: Social Science Portion Geography: Ch. 7: India- Location and Physical Features Geography: Ch.10: Disaster Management – Floods and Droughts 3. Civics: Ch. 16: Democracy and its Features 4. History: Ch. 8: The Rise and the Decline of the Mauryan Empire 5. Civics: Ch. 17: Village Administration 6. History: Ch. 11: The Rise And the Decline of the Guptas 7. Civics: Ch. 19: Municipal Administration General Instructions There are 2 sections. Section A (MCQs) and Section B (Subjective). In Section A all questions are in the form of MCQs. In Section B the questions are subjective. Read the questions carefully and then answer. Section A- (Objective) Which of the following is the stage between the Gram Panchayat and the Zila Parishad? (1) Nagar Panchayat Gram Sabha Nyaya Panchayat Panchayat Samiti Village Administration- TB Pg no. 137 Which of the following books was written by Chanakya? (1) Ratnavali Arthashastra Indika Harshacharita The Rise and Decline of the Mauryan Empire - TB Pg no. 73 The highest peak in the world, Mt.Everest lies in which Himalayan range? (1) Shivalik Himachal Himadri Purvanchal India–Location and Physical Features - TB Pg no.67 Which of the following statements is incorrect? (1) Members of the Gram Sabha elect the Sarpanch. The term office of Gram Panchayat is of three years. Gram Panchayat is an executive organ of the Gram Sabha. Gram Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution. Village Administration – TB Pg no. 137 Which of the following is not a Union Territory of India? (1) Lakshadweep Ladakh Jammu and Kashmir Telangana India–Location and Physical Features - TB Pg no.65 Look at the picture given below and answer the following question: (1) Which of the following ways can curb the effects of this disaster? Block all drain holes with sandbags. Use bleaching powder and lime to disinfect places. Locate to safe shelters at higher level. Conserve natural water reservoirs. Disaster Management - Floods and Droughts TB Pg no.94 Which of the following describes the life during Apartheid period in Africa? (1) Every African man had to carry a pass to enter a town or a city. The Africans and the whites were paid equal wages at work. African children studied only in English language. All of the above Democracy and its Features- TB Pg no. 131 Barren Island, the active volcano of India, is located in: (1) Lakshadweep Islands Andaman and Nicobar Islands Himalayas Konkan Coast India – Location and Physical Features- TB Pg no. 70 Which of the following longitudes is taken as the Standard Meridian of India? (1) 82º 30’E 83º 70’E 85º 50’ W 82º 30’ W India – Location and Physical Features- TB Pg no. 64 Section B- Subjective What were the reasons for the decline of the Gupta Empire? (Any three) (3) Skandagupta was succeeded by weak rulers. They could not save the Gupta Empire from the Huns. Further, the empire was destabilized by the rise of the feudatories. Many of the feudatory states declared themselves independent. Trade and commerce was affected by these circumstances. The state revenue was also affected by the growing practice of giving land revenues for religious and other such purposes. By 6th century CE, the glory of the Gupta Empire completely vanished. The Rise and the Decline of the Guptas- TB Pg no. 97 and 98 State any three mandatory functions of the Municipal Corporation. (3) Supply of pure water Construction and maintenance of public streets Lighting and watering of public streets Cleaning of public streets, places and sewers Regulation of offensive, dangerous or obnoxious trades and callings or practices Maintenance or support of public hospitals; establishment and maintenance of primary schools Registration of births and deaths; removing obstructions and projections in public streets, bridges and other places Naming streets and numbering houses (Accept any three points) Municipal Administration – TB Pg no. 148 and 149 List any five preparatory measures you will follow before a flood. (5) Keep a check on the weather forecast and flood warnings through radio, TV, newspaper, etc. Locate safe shelters at higher level. Keep first aid box, candles, ropes, matchbox, torch, some clothes, etc. handy. Keep an emergency kit which consists of following items: a first-aid kit, strong ropes, torches, extra batteries, dry food, fresh water, candles, matchboxes, kerosene, umbrellas, bamboo sticks and water-proof bag. Note down all the routes to the nearest safe shelter in case of a disaster. If in you are in a rural area, identify higher altitude areas and build an earthen mound for cattle. (Accept any five) Disaster Management - Floods and Droughts TB Pg no.92 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

WB solution - Disaster management

 Date: _______________     10. Disaster Management – Floods and Droughts

1. Name the following.[R,U]

1. The part of the country which is most prone to floods – North Eastern States

2. Disasters caused due to negligence or deliberate actions of humans – Man-made disasters

3. Lack of water to satisfy the normal needs of agriculture, livestock, industry or human population - Drought

2. Complete the table given below:[AP]

Name of the disaster	Type – natural or man-made
Earthquakes	Natural
Air crashes	Man-made
Landslides	Natural
War	Man-made
cyclones	Natural
Nuclear leaks	Man-made

3. Answer in one sentence.[AP]

1. Name the Disaster Management Agencies.

Ans. Help Age India, American Red Cross Society, Children’s Disaster Services and the World Vision

2. List the drought prone zones in India.

Ans. Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Central Maharashtra, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and West Bengal

3.  What measures will you take upon receiving a flood warning?

Ans.

• Look out for updated information issued by local authorities. 

• Avoid contact with flood water, as this water may be contaminated with oil, sewage, chemicals, etc.

• Do not drive through a flooded area. 

• If you have to walk in standing water, use bamboo sticks to ensure that you do not step in open manholes.

 (Accept any three answers)

1. Answer the following questions.[R,U]

1. What steps will you undertake after occurrence of floods?

After Floods-

• Drink boiled water.

• Use raw tea, rice water and tender coconut water during diarrhea.

• Disinfect places, as it can be a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Bleaching powder and lime can be used to disinfect places.

• Beware of snakebites in water logged areas.

2. Complete the graphic organiser of causes of floods.

2. Look at the picture and answer the questions.[AP]

1. Identify the disaster in the picture. Floods

2. Write any two precautionary measures which you will undertake for this kind of disaster. (Accept any two points)

• Keep a check on weather forecast and flood warnings through radio, TV, newspaper, etc. Locate safe shelters at higher level (for animals in rural areas as well). 

• Keep first aid box, candles, ropes, matchbox, torch, some clothes, etc. handy. 

• Keep an emergency kit which consists of following items: a first-aid kit, strong ropes, torches, extra batteries, dry food, fresh water, candles, matchboxes, kerosene, umbrellas, bamboo sticks and water-proof bag.

• Note down all the routes to the nearest safe shelter in case of a disaster. 

• If in you are in a rural area, identify higher altitude areas and build an earthen mound for cattle.

3. Identify the disaster in the picture. Drought

4. Write any two precautionary measures that you will take for this kind of disaster.(Accept any two points)

•  Planned use of water for human activities. 

•  Minimising water wastage. 

•  Conservation of natural water reservoirs.

•  Undertaking water harvesting techniques such as rain water harvesting.

•  More plantations of trees.

 

3. Map Work.[U]

On an outline map of India, mark and label the following:

1. Drought prone regions of India.

2. Flood prone regions of India.

4. HOTS[EV]

How does a natural disaster affect human life and livestock?

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WB solution - India - location and physical features

https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:706baef5-58d0-4fea-96ff-63a46cfe9ff7 

WB solution - Democracy and its features

Date: ______________ 16. Democracy and its Features 1. Choose the appropriate option.R a) ______________ is an example of indirect democracy. Switzerland Great Britain India USA b) Indirect democracy is also known as ____________. Pure democracy Representative democracy Social democracy Presidential democracy c) Individuals are entitled to vote, once they complete ____ years of age. 20 16 18 25 d) The word democracy comes from Greek word ‘demos’ which means ___________. Rule Strength Common People Majority 2.Name the following.R/U a) A country where indirect democracy is practiced. Great Britain b) A social system that Nelson Mandela fought to eradicate. Apartheid c) An official whose duty is to deliver justice objectively. Judge d) A document that marked the end of the Apartheid system. Constitution. 3.State whether the following statement is true or false. Correct the false statement and rewrite. (R/AN) a) Nelson Mandela played an important role in the fight against apartheid: True b) The word Apartheid means inequality: False The word Apartheid means segregation. c) Mahatma Gandhi protested against the unjust laws by implementing the principles of Satyagraha or non-violent protest strategy: True d) Autonomous judiciary is a key feature of democracy: True 5. Answer the following questions in detail.(AP/EV) a) Write a brief account on life during Apartheid period. The African farmers were made to work as share-croppers or rent paying tenants. They were forced to work for wages or to give 90 days’ free labour in exchange for the use of a piece of land for a year. The residential area of the blacks and white was kept apart. The Africans were allotted separate locations throughout South Africa, which were usually on the outskirts of towns and cities. The government also controlled the entry of the Africans into towns and cities. Every African man had to carry a pass which gave him the right to enter a town or city. It was given to those who entered the area for employment purposes. However, in case they were not able to find employment, they were asked to return. If the Africans were not able to produce the pass, they would be arrested and thrown out of the city. At work, the whites were paid higher wages as compared to the Africans for same type of work. Certain skilled work on the mines was reserved for the whites. b) How did the African children contribute to the Apartheid movement?

WB solution - Municipal Administration

Date: _____________ 19. Municipal Administration Choose the appropriate option.R Which of these is not a voluntary function of the Municipal Corporation? i)Housing for low income groups ii)Regulation of offensive, dangerous or obnoxious trades and callings or practices. iii)Promotion of welfare of municipal employees. iv)Planting and maintenance of roadside and other trees. Who is responsible for the overall development of a ward? i)Deputy Mayor ii)Mayor iii)Municipal Councillor iv)Standing Committee What tax is collected on goods coming into the city? i)Toll ii)Octroi iii)Sales iv)Service Which city was on the verge of a plague epidemic in 1994? i)Mumbai ii)Surat iii)Ahmedabad iv)Bengaluru Name the Following.R/U The Chief Executive Officer of the Municipal Corporation.Municipal Commissioner A public body formed out of a ward councillor and a few residents of the ward. Ward Committee. Surat’s Municipal Commissioners in the mid and late-1990s. S.R. Rao and S. Jagadeesan A Tax collected for the use of roads.Toll tax 3.Fill in the blanks.(R) The Malabar Hill Residents’ Association (MHRA) ensures that wet and dry waste is collected and segregated. A Grant-in Aidis given to the local bodies by the government to meet their expenditure. The Municipal Corporation coordinates with the State Governmentfor the implementation of the various developmental programmes. Planting and maintenance of trees is a voluntary function of the municipal corporation. 4.Answer the followingin one sentence each.(R/AP) What are the three types of Urban local Bodies? Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils and Municipal Corporations How are the members of the Municipal Corporation elected? The members of the Municipal Corporation are elected by the people directly through elections. What is the role of the Deputy Mayor? The Deputy Mayor works under the Mayor. Who appoints the Municipal Commissioner? The Municipal Commissioner is appointed for a fixed term as defined by the State government. 5.Answer the following questions in detail.(U/AP) State any four mandatory functions of the Municipal corporation. Supply of pure water Construction and maintenance of public streets. Lighting and watering of public streets. Cleaning of public streets, places and sewers Regulation of offensive, dangerous or obnoxious trades and callings or practices. Maintenance or support of public hospitals; establishment and maintenance of primary schools. Registration of births and deaths; removing obstructions and projections in public streets, bridges and other places. Naming streets and numbering houses How did Surat manage to become India’s cleanest city? The government, non-governmental agencies, civil society, as well as the private sector came together. S.R. Rao and S. Jagadeesan had served as Surat’s municipal commissioners in the mid and late-1990s. They changed the complete look of the city. The cleaning of dirt and debris, disposal of carcasses, pumping of stagnant water, spraying of pesticides, and anti-rodent operations were given top priorities. The garbage was disposed by unloading the solid waste on plastic sheets that were spread at the disposal site to prevent the toxic waste from seeping into the earth. The threat of epidemic was further reduced by setting up of urban medical centres. Write a short note on various measures taken by the Malabar Hill Residents’ Association (MHRA). The MHRA focuses on making people aware about their civic rights that cover fundamental principles of hygiene and cleanliness. It ensures that a hawking zone to maintain cleanliness to achieve traffic decongestion. It checks that the dry and wet waste has been collected and segregated from the area through a sustained campaign. It keeps a check on the segregation and collection of dry and wet waste from the area through a sustained campaign. It takes care of free supply of garbage bags to the housing societies. Regular interaction is conducted with Malabar Hill Police Station to guarantee safety and security to the residents of the area. 6. Read the following case study and answer the following questions.R/AN/AP Indore has retained its cleanest city tag in the clean India survey conducted in 2018. Before it was praised for its cleanliness drive in 2017, the city was just like any other urban city in India dealing with its mounting garbage problem. In 2016, the Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) was criticised by pollution control boards, green bodies and environmentalists for not treating its garbage properly. This prompted the IMC to come up with various ways to tackle the problem. It began deploying more than 600 workers to clean the town and started providing door-to-door waste collection services to 4, 81,000 households and 1, 40,000 commercial units. The IMC imposes a penalty on those who do not keep public facilities clean. “The corporation officials are so strict that for littering the city, the officials charge the residents and the shopkeepers a penalty between Rs 100 and Rs 1 lakh. This initiative of the IMC has changed the overall behaviour of the people and helped the IMC in improving municipal services," says Vipul Chafekar, a resident of Nanda Nagar, Indore. Why was Indore criticised by various environmentalist groups? The Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) was criticised by pollution control boards, green bodies and environmentalists for not treating its garbage properly. What did the IMC do to tackle the problem of waste management? It began deploying more than 600 workers to clean the town and started providing door-to-door waste collection services to 4, 81,000 households and 1, 40,000 commercial units. What penalty does the IMC impose on those who do not keep public facilities clean? The officials charge the residents and the shopkeepers a penalty between Rs 100 and Rs 1 lakh. Do you think imposing a fine played a role in changing people’s attitude towards cleanliness? Yes or No 7.How can we effectively contribute towards waste management in our vicinity? (EV/CR)

WB solution - Village administration

Date: __________________ 17. Village administration 1. Fill in the blanks (R) A Panchayat refers to a council of elected members who look after the social, economic and cultural needs of a village. The Constitution has made it obligatory to have 33 % reservation of panchayat posts for women. The Gram Sabha is an assembly of all adults who primarily live in the area covered by a panchayat. A Panchayat Samiti is the government at the block level. 2. Match the columns U/AP Column A Column B 1. Gram Sabha a. the term of office is five years 2. Gram Panchayat b. dispenses justice 3. Panchayat Samiti c. not subject to dissolution 4. Nyaya Panchayat d. also known as the Janpad Panchayat Column A Column B 1. Gram Sabha c. not subject to dissolution 2. Gram Panchayat a. the term of office is five years 3. Panchayat Samiti d. also known as the Janpad Panchayat 4. Nyaya Panchayat b. dispenses justice 3. State whether the following statement is true or false. Correct the false statement and rewrite.AN/U/AP Panchayati Raj is the system of self governance at the local level. True. The secretary of the Gram Sabha is different from the secretary of the Gram Panchayat. False A secretary of the Gram Sabha is also the secretary of the Gram Panchayat. A Nyaya Panchayat can fine a person but cannot punish anyone in any other way. True The Gram panchayat is the government at the block level. False The Panchayat Samiti is the government at the block level. 4. Answer the following in one sentence. (R) State any one function of the Nyaya Panchayat. The Nyaya Panchayat hears minor civil and criminal cases but has no right to send any body to jail. Name the two administrative officers of the Panchayat Samiti. The chief administrative officers of the Panchayat Samiti are Block Development and Panchayat Officer (BDPO) and Sub Divisional Officer (SDO). What is the system of governance at the district level called? ZilaParishad What kind of developmental programmes does the Panchayat Samiti promote? The Panchayat Samiti promotes developmental programmes such as provision of drinking water in the villages, improvement and renovation of rural roads and structuring regulations for the markets. 5. Answer the following questions in detail. (R/U/EV) The Gram Sabha play a significant part in making the Gram Panchayat carry out its duties well. Justify the statement. In the Gram Sabha all the work of the Gram Panchayat is placed before the people. It keeps a check on the Panchayat by preventing it from squandering money or giving preferential treatment to certain people. A secretary of the Gram Sabha is also the secretary of the Gram Panchayat. Who are the chief administrative officers of the Panchayat Samiti? State any three responsibilities of the Panchayat Samiti. Block Development and Panchayat Officer (BDPO) and Sub Divisional Officer (SDO). The Panchayat Samiti executes plans and schemes with the money allocated by the State government or Central government. The Panchayat Samiti promotes and coordinates various developmental programmes of its areas such as provision of drinking water in the villages, improvement and renovation of rural roads and structuring regulations for the markets. The Panchayat Samiti also gives encouragement to cottage industries such as handicrafts, handlooms, traditional art and artisans. How does the Panchayati Raj uphold the democratic principles of our country? People living in rural areas are made aware of political, social and technological issues. It empowers the women as the Constitution has made it obligatory to have 33% reservation of panchayat posts for women. Women have taken charge of their official responsibilities in panchayats. People in rural areas feel responsible to participate in the country’s administration. 6. Observe the picture given below and answer the following questions.AP/AN The woman standing under the tree is addressing the Gram Panchayat. She is also the head of the Panchayat. What is she also known as? Sarpanch Which of these functions is not performed by the Gram Panchayat? Levying and collecting local taxes. Executing government schemes associated with generating employment in the village. Executing plans and schemes with the money allocated by the State government or Central government. For how many years will the people in the picture continue to be members of the Gram Panchayat? Five years The other woman sitting under the tree is the secretary of the Gram Panchayat. What is her duty? To keep a record of the proceedings. 7 Draw a diagram of the structure of the Panchayati Raj System in India. R/AP District level Block level Village level 8.Why do you think 33% of the panchayat posts are reserved for women. Do you think there need to be more seats reserved for women? Yes or no? Justify your answer.(EV/CR)

WB solution - The Rise and decline of the Mauryan dynasty

Date: __________________ 8. The Rise and Decline of the Mauryan Empire 1. Choose the appropriate option.(R/U) a) Who were the rulers of Magadha at the time of Alexander’s invasion? i)Nandas ii)Mauryas iii)Shishunagas| iv) Haryankas b)Who amongst the following personalities was known as Chanakya? i)Dhana Nanda ii)Kautilya iii)Ashoka iv) Seleucus c) Which of the following Mauryan ruler attacked Kalinga? i)ChandraGupta II ii) Bindusara iii) Ashoka iv) ChandraGuptaMaurya d) Who is the author of the book Indika? i)Megasthenes ii)Alexander iii)Seleucus iv)Ashoka 2. Match the columns.U/AP Column A Column B 1. Seleucus a. made Buddhism state religion 2. Bindusara b. ended the Mauryan rule 3. Ashoka c. the general of Alexander 4. PushyamitraShunga d. also known as Amitrochates Column A Column B 1. Seleucus c. general of Alexander 2. Bindusara d. also known as Amitrochates 3. Ashoka a. war of Kalinga 4. PushyamitraShunga b. made Buddhism state religion. 3.State whether the following statement is true or false. Correct the false statement and rewrite. N/U/AP The king led wars, only after consulting the Senapati or commander in chief. True. Chandragupta Maurya was succeeded by Ashoka.False Chandragupta Maurya was succeeded by Bindusara. The official in charge for finances and collection of taxes was known asSamaharta. True d)Ashoka held the first Buddhist Council or sangiti.False Ashoka held the third Buddhist Council or sangiti. 4. Answer the following questionsin one sentence R/U What was the duty of therajukas? The duty of the rajukas was to administer justice. Why did Chandragupta Maurya abandon his throne? Chandragupta Maurya embraced Jainism and abandoned his throne in favour of his son, Bindusara. Why are Ashoka’s inscription considered an important source of history? His career, his domestic and foreign policies, as well as the extent of his empire. Tax was an important source of revenue. Justify the statement. The amount collected from the tax was spent on maintenance of the king, his ministers, army, salaries of other officials, religious purposes and on infrastructure. 5. Answer the following questions in detail.R/U/EV Discuss the factors that led to the decline of the Mauryan Empire. The promotion of Buddhism had adversely affected the Brahmans. Hence, the empire received a strong protest from the Brahmanical society. The Mauryans used large amount of money on the maintenance of army. This developed a dent in the Mauryan treasury. The successors of Ashoka were not capable enough to look after a huge empire. These were followed by a series of foreign invasions. Bactrians were the first ones to invade India in 206 BCE. The Mauryan Empire was finally destroyed by PushyamitraShunga, the General of last Mauryan ruler, Brihadratha in 185 BCE. Briefly explain the political scenario in India before the Mauryan Dynasty was established. Magadha was the most powerful kingdom out of the sixteen Mahajanapadas . Magadha saw the rise of many dynasties – the Haryanka, the Shishunaga and the Nanda Dynasty before the establishment of the Mauryan Dynasty, that is considered to be the one who established the first empire of India. Several smaller kingdoms extending over a very large area were incorporated into the territory of Magadha. In 326 BCE, Alexander turned his attention towards India. He was assisted by Ambhi, the Prince of Taxila and he infiltrated further east into India. He crossed the Chenab and the Ravi rivers and advanced upto the Beas. Discuss any five features of the Mauryan administration. Role of the king The king was the supreme and the final authority in all the matters of the empire. He led in the war, with consultation from his Senapati or Commander-in-Chief. He made important appointments, looked into the state funds, met diplomats and collected secret information from spies. He also issued sasanas or royal edicts for the management of the people. He was helped in his work by mantri-parishads or council of ministers. There are various references of high officials such as the Amatyas ,Mahamatras and Adhyaksas. In the Arthashastra written by Chanakya. He maintained a huge army for the protection of thekingdom as well as for conquest of new territories. The maintenance of the army was done with the taxes collected from the people. Chandragupta maintained 6,00,000 foot soldiers, 30,000 cavalry and 9,000 elephants. Administration of the Empire The Empire was divided into provinces for administrative purposes. The provinces were ruled by viceroys who were generally princes or kumaras .The provinces were further divided into districts which were managed by sthanikas . Each district consisted of five to ten villages. Grama or the village was the lowest unit of administration. Gramika was the head of the village, who used to regulate land and water rights and collected taxes from the people. Spies were appointed to keep a watch over the officials. Sources of income Land revenue was the main source of income. The farmer paid one-sixth of the total produce to the state. Chanakya mentions several types of taxes collected from the peasants, artisans and traders. Tax was also collected from mines, forests and customs at the frontiers, tolls, ferry duties and fines. The official in charge for finances and revenue collection was known as Samaharta . The amount collected from the tax was spent on maintenance of the king, his ministers, army, salaries of other officials, religious purposes and on infrastructure. 6. Observe the picture and answer the following questions.AN/AP Identify the personality in the image. Kautilya What is the name of the book written by him? Arthashastra Why did he vow to uproot the Nanda dynasty? He was worried about Alexander’s invasion on India. He went to the Magadha court to suggest that they drive out the army of Alexander. However, Dhana Nanda not only snubbed his suggestion but also insulted Chanakya. 7. Draw a graphic organiser to identify the features of Ashoka’sDhamma. 8. The welfare measure initiated by Ashoka suggests that he followed high principles of kingship. Justify the statement. (Ev/ CR)

WB solution - The rise and decline of the Guptas

Date: _____________ 11.The Rise and the Decline of the Guptas 1. Name the Following. R/U a) An important literary source that describes the genealogy of the Gupta kings. Puranas b) The Gupta ruler who was also a fine poet. Samudragupta c) The king who took up the title of Shakari. Chandragupta II d) A class of officials who served as a link between the king and the provincial administration. Kumaramatyas 2.Match the columns. U/AP Column A Column B 1. Bhuktis a. village Vishayapatis b. province Gramavriddhas c. district Column A Column B Bhuktis b. province Vishayapatis c. district Gramavriddhas a. village 3. Fill in the blanks.R Banabhatta wrote theHarshacharita. TheNalanda University is believed to be founded byKumaragupta. FaHien visited India during the rule of Chandragupta II. The Huns came from Central Asia and invaded India during the reign of Skandagupta. 4.Complete the following statements.U/AN The Allahabad Pillar inscription is a valuable source of history because it provides information on the reign of Chandragupta I and Samudragupta, The Gupta period was regarded as the Golden Age of Ancient India because accept relevant answers The Sonpat inscription and the Madhuben plate inscription provide a description of the chronology of Harsha’s time. The fact that the judiciary was more developedduring the Gupta period as compared to the earlier times is evidentbecause the civil and criminal laws were clearly demarcated. 5. Answer the followingquestions in detail.U/EV a) Samudragupta was one of the greatest rulers of the Gupta dynasty. Briefly explain the achievements of Samudragupta. Samudragupta’s South Indian expedition is better known as Dakshinapatha expedition. He defeated twelve rulers in this expedition. However, he did not annihilate and seize these kingdoms. He gave them back their kingdoms but asserted them to recognise his suzerainty. He fought against twelve rulers, defeated them and annexed their kingdoms. After these successful military campaigns, Samudragupta performed the asvamedhayajna .Samudragupta’s rule extended over Eastern Himalayan states and bordering states such as Nepal, Assam and Bengal. These regions were directly controlled by him. The forest territories situated in Vindhyas known as Atavikarajyas were brought under his control. The Shakas and Kushanas principalities in the West and Northwest were under his sway. The kingdoms on the East coast of the Deccan, as far as the Pallava Kingdom, recognised his overlordship. (Accept relevant answers) b) What were the factors that led to the downfall of the Gupta Empire? Skandagupta was succeeded by weak rulers. They could not save the Gupta Empire from the Huns. Further, the empire was destabilised by the rise of the feudatories. Many of the feudatory states declared themselves independent. Trade and commerce was affected by these circumstances. The state revenue was also affected by the growing practice of giving land revenues for religious and other such purposes. By 6th century CE, the glory of the Gupta Empire completely vanished. c) Chandragupta II consolidated the Gupta Empire.Justify the statement. Chandragupta II continued his father’s policy of military expedition. He used the policy of diplomacy and warfare to extend his territory. Further, he strengthened his position through matrimonial alliances. He married Kuberanaga, the daughter of a Naga chieftain of central India. He gave his daughter Prabhavati to the Vakataka prince in marriage. The greatest of the military achievements of Chandragupta II was his war against the Shakas. He performed the asvamedhayajna after a successful military campaign against Shakas and took up the title of Shakari or ‘destroyer of Shakas’. He also assumed the title of Vikramaditya . He supported great intellectual personalities such as Amarasimha and Kalidasa who was his court poet. Cultural development reached its zenith during his reign. 7.Classify the sources of history given below. (AN/AP) Puranas, , Accounts of FaHien, Allahabad Pillar inscription, Gupta coins, Mehrauli Iron Pillar inscription, Harshacharita, Madhuben plate inscriptionRatnavali. Literary Sources Archaeological sources Puranas Allahabad Pillar inscription Accounts of FaHien Mehrauli Iron Pillar inscription Harshacharita Madhuben plate inscription Ratnavali. Gupta coins 8. There are a variety of sources that help us to trace the history of the Gupta period. Justify the statement. AP/EV 9. On an outline map of India mark the ancient cities of Pataliputra, Mathura, Kashi, Prayag, KanaujU/AP (Refer Tb page no. 96 for answers)