संस्कृत पाठ 8 - पञ्चश्लोका : 

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History Ch. 7 - Jainism and Buddhism

 

Chapter Name - Jainism and Buddhism

 

Q1. Choose the appropriate option.

a. Asteya means not to steal.

b. Karma means sum of a person action in this and previous birth.

c. Agam Sutra are the sacred books of the Jainism.

 

Q2. Fill in the blanks

a. A Tirthankara is an enlightened soul who is born as human being an

intense perfection through intense meditation.

b. The founder of Jainism was Rishabhadev.

c. A Buddhist monk is also known as Bhikshus.

 

Q3. Match the columns

 

Column A	Column B
a) Chandragupt Maurya	Jainism
b) Vinay Pitaka	Basket of discipline
c) Lumbini	Birth Place of Buddhism
d) Shvetambara	Sects of Jainism

                                  

Q4. Answer the following question in 10 to 20 words

a) Which languages were adopted by the Mahayana and Hinayana sects.

Ans. Hinayana adopted Pali language and Mahayana adopted Sanskrit

language.

b) What were the Upanishads initially known as?

Ans. The Upanishads were initially known as Vedanta, which literally

means the conclusion to the Vedas.

c) Which event is called as the ‘Turning of the Wheel of Law’?

Ans. Gautama Buddha delivered his first sermon in the Pali language at

Sarnath, which is called the ‘Turning of the Wheel of Law’.

 

Q5. Answer the following questions in 50 to 70 words.

a) Write a brief note on the Upanishads.

Ans. The term Upanishad literally means ‘approaching and sitting near’, In Sanskrit, ‘upa’ means near; ‘ni’ means down and ‘sad’ means to sit. The Upanishads were initially known as Vedanta, which literally means the conclusion to the Vedas. There were various Upanishads such as Isha, Kena, Katha, Parsha, Mundaka, Koushik, Taittiriya, Aitareya, Chandogya and Brihadaranyaka.

 

b) Discuss the teachings of Jainism.

Ans. Teachings of Jainism

The five principles of Jainism are:

❖ Ahimsa: not to injure any living being

❖ Satya: not to speak lies

❖ Asteya: not to steal

❖ Tyag: not to own property

❖ Brahmacharya: observance of celibacy

 

c) What were the factors responsible for the rise of Jainism and

Buddhism?

Ans. The rigidity in the caste system saw great opposition, which later on gave rise to new religions.

❖ The caste system gave importance to the three upper castes; Brahmins, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas. The Shudras were looked down upon.

❖ As trade was increasing, the economic conditions of the Vaishyas improved. However, they were

considered lower in the social ladder as compared to Brahmins and Kshatriyas. This became the reason for their dissatisfaction.

❖ People were forced to follow elaborate and costly rituals as subscribed by the Brahmins. Animal sacrifice became common.

❖ Importance was given to Sanskrit which was not understood by the masses. All these factors led to religious unrest in India.

❖ People wanted a simple religion in a language known to them. These were fulfilled by the teachings of Gautama Buddha and Vardhaman Mahavira.

 

d) Write about the Four Noble Truths.

Ans. The Four Noble Truths are as follows:

❖ The world is full of suffering and sorrow.

❖ The cause of suffering and sorrow is human desire.

❖ The sufferings can be ended by conquering desires.

❖ Desires can be conquered and freedom from the cycle of birth and death can be attained by nirvana. The Eightfold Path or the Ashtangika Marga leads to nirvana.

 

Q6. Give reasons.

a. Buddhism spread nationally and internationally.

Ans. The spread of Buddhisn was due to two main things, The

support of common people and state patronage. Ashoka promoted

Buddhism to Sri Lanka, later the Mahayana sect of Buddhism reached

South-East Asia and China. In the 6th century CE, it extended to

Cambodia and in the 4th century CE to Thailand. The influence of

Buddhism also established its root in countries and regions such as

Myanmar, Nepal, Tibet, Central Asia and Japan.

 

b) Very few people followed Jainism.

Ans very few people followed Jainism because farmers found it difficult to follow the rules by the

religion, they had to kill insects to protect their crops. Jainism was largely supported by the

traders.

SCIENCE ANSWER TO REVISION BANK QUESTION TERM 1

 

Section A
1.	X is a separation technique used only when the components of a solid-solid mixture have different sizes. Identify X.				1
	(a)		Winnowing
	(b)		Sieving
	(c)		Threshing
	(d)		Magnetic separation
	ans:		(b) Sieving		An
			Ch 5: Separating Mixtures, Pg- 48
2.	Identify X in the given Venn diagram.				1
	Natural fibre Animal source X It has lustre
	(a)		Cotton
	(b)		Wool
	(c)		Silk
	(d)		Nylon
	ans:	(c) Silk			Ap
		Ch 3: Fibre to Fabric, Pg-26
3.	In ancient times, the length of a foot, the width of a finger, and the distance of a step were commonly used as different units of measurements. However, everyone's body parts could be of slightly different sizes. This must have caused confusion in measurement. In 1790, the French created a standard unit of measurement called the metric system. For the sake of uniformity, scientists all over the world have accepted a set of standard units of measurement. The system of units now used is known as the International System of Units (SI units).
	Which of the following is NOT a non-standard unit of measurement?				1
	(a)		Metre
	(b)		Foot span
	(c)		Hand span
	(d)		Cubit
	ans:		(a) Metre		R
4.	In ancient times, the length of a foot, the width of a finger, and the distance of a step were commonly used as different units of measurements. However, everyone's body parts could be of slightly different sizes. This must have caused confusion in measurement. In 1790, the French created a standard unit of measurement called the metric system. For the sake of uniformity, scientists all over the world have accepted a set of standard units of measurement. The system of units now used is known as the International System of Units (SI units).
	One gram has been divided into 1000 equal parts; each part is equal to:				1
	(a)		One ton
	(b)		One kilogram
	(c)		One milligram
	(d)		One quintal
	ans:	(b) One milligram			U
5.	In ancient times, the length of a foot, the width of a finger, and the distance of a step were commonly used as different units of measurements. However, everyone's body parts could be of slightly different sizes. This must have caused confusion in measurement. In 1790, the French created a standard unit of measurement called the metric system. For the sake of uniformity, scientists all over the world have accepted a set of standard units of measurement. The system of units now used is known as the International System of Units (SI units).
	An ant moves as shown in the diagram. Which of the following can be used to determine the distance covered by this ant?				1
	(a)		A 15 cm scale and a metre scale
	(b)		Only a metre scale
	(c)		Hand span and a metre scale
	(d)		Thread and a metre scale
	ans:	(d) Thread and a metre scale			Ap
		Ch 10: Motion and Measurement, Pg-136, 138 and 139
Section B
6.	(a)	For the given questions two statements are given – one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:			1
		(I)          Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion A       (II)          Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion A.      (III)          A is true but R is false.     (IV)          A is false but R is true.
		(i)		Assertion:  A gold coin floats on water. Reason: A substance will only float on a liquid if its density is less than that of the surrounding liquid.
		ans:		(IV). A is false but R is true.
				Ch 3: Grouping Materials, Pg-38	An
		(ii)		Assertion: Smoke is an example of a mixture. Reason:  A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances.
		ans:		(I). Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion A.
				Ch 5: Separating Mixtures, Pg- 43	An
	(b)	(i)		Name the process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form.	1
		ans:		Condensation	R
				Ch 5: Separating Mixtures, Pg- 51
		(ii)		Name the type of motion that repeats itself at regular intervals of time.	1
		ans:		Periodic motion	U
				Ch 10: Motion and Measurement, Pg-144
		(iii)		Fill in the blank:
				The substances which disappear or dissolve completely in water are called soluble substances.	1
				Ch 4: Grouping Materials, Pg-35	R
7.	The distance between Amay’s house and his school is 5750 m. Express this distance in km.				2
	ans:	1 km = 1000 m                                                   1 mark So, 5750 m =  km = 5.75 km Thus, the distance between Amay’s house and his school is 5.75 km.    1 mark			Ap
		Ch 10: Motion and Measurement, Pg-138
8.	Tulsi wants to separate a mixture of oil and water. Name the method she can use to separate oil and water. Give reasons for your answer.				3
	ans:	·          Oil and water can be separated by sedimentation and decantation.                                                                        2 marks  ·          Water is heavier than oil. Thus, it settles to the bottom if left undisturbed for some time. The oil can then be decanted or poured out.                                                                           1 mark			An
		Ch 4: Separating Mixtures, Pg-55
9.	Answer the following questions:				5 R
	(a)	State the climatic condition favourable for the growth of the jute plant.
	ans:	Jute plant grows well in the regions with high temperature and heavy rainfall.
	(b)	In which states of India is jute mainly grown?
	ans:	Jute is mainly grown in the states of West Bengal, Bihar and Assam.
	(c)	What is retting?
	ans:	The process of separating the fibres from the rotten stem by hand is known as retting.
	(d)	What is spinning? Name two devices that can be used for spinning.
	ans:	·       The process of creating yarn from fibres is known as spinning. 1 mark ·       Takli and Charkha are two devices that can be used for spinning.                                                          1 mark
		Ch 3: Fibre to Fabric, Pg-25, 27 and 28

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