Science chapter 1- Life needs food- Extra questions

Define the following:

1.               Food: any nutritious substance that people or animals eat or drink or those plants absorb in order to maintain life and growth.

2.               Herbivores: A herbivore is an animal that gets its energy from plants. Eg: cow and goat.

3.               Carnivores: An animal that feeds on other animals. Eg: lion and tiger.

4.               Omnivores: Omnivores can both eat plants and meat.eg: human being, dog

5.               Producer: Photosynthesizing organisms. Producers are any kind of green plant. Green plants make their food by taking sunlight and using the energy to make sugar. The plant uses this sugar, also called glucose to make many things, such as wood, leaves, roots, and bark.

6.               Scavengers: an animal that feeds on dead plant and animal materials. Eg: wolf and vulture.

7.               Nutrients: A substance that provides nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and for growth.

8.               Balanced diet: The daily intake of food which contains all the necessary nutrients in the right quantities is called a balanced diet.

9.               Malnutrition: lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat.

Fill in the blanks

1.               Carbohydrates form a major portion of our body and provide energy

2.               Sucrose is sugar we use and found in sugarcane.

3.               Lactose is found in milk and fructose in fruits.

4.               Proteins help the body in growth and repair of worn out parts.

5.               Vitamins are essential for growth, to keep the body healthy and to fight disease.

6.               Calcium and phosphorus makes bones and teeth strong.

7.               Iron is needed by the body to make RBC.

8.               Potassium helps to keep muscles , brain and nerves healthy and maintains amount of water in the body.

9.               Iodine is needed for proper growth of the body and is found in iodised salt.

10.         Dietary fibres are also known as roughage.

Match the following (need to be done by students)

                A                                                                 B

1.               Night blindness                              A)  Iodine

2.               Rickets                                             B) Vitamin A

3.               Scurvy                                              C)    Iron

4.               Goiter                                               D) Vitamin D

5.               Anaemia                                           E) Vitamin C          

Give reasons

1.               Carnivores have canines.

Ans: Carnivores are the meat eaters of the animal world, have very defined canine teeth for tearing the meat.

2.               Dietary fibres are essential for our body functions.

Ans: Fibre is an important part of a healthy balanced diet. It can help prevent heart disease, diabetes, weight gain and some cancers, and also improve digestive health.

3.               Children need more carbohydrates and proteins rich diet.

Ans: children need more carbohydrate and protein-rich food than grown-ups as their body parts need to grow.

Protein helps a child's body build cells, fight infection, and repair damaged cell.

Carbohydrates are actually the body's most important source of energy. It helps to carry out lots of daily activities.

4.               Vitamin D is also called sunshine vitamin.

Ans: Humans make 90 percent of our vitamin D naturally from sunlight exposure to our skin.

Answer the following

5.               Write sources of the following(need to be done by students)

a)               Calcium and phosphorus

b)              Iron

c)                potassium

d)              iodine

6.               write the functions of the following in our body (need to be done by students)

a)               Calcium and phosphorus

b)              Iron

c)                potassium

d)              iodine

7.               What happens if the child does not get proper nutrition?

Ans:  Insufficient amount of vitamins and minerals in the food causes deficiency disease. Eg: Rickets due to deficiency of vitamin D. Night blindness is due to deficiency of vitamin A.

8.               Write symptoms and preventive measures of night blindness?

Ans: It is caused due to deficiency of vitamin A. A person suffering from night blindness loses the ability to see in dim light. Drying of eye balls occur as the tear glands do not produces tears. Spinach, eggs, milk, liver, butter and vitamin rich food will prevent and control this disease.

9.               Write symptoms and preventive measures of Rickets?

Ans: Rickets is a skeletal disorder that results from a lack of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. Children with rickets can have weak and soft bones, stunted growth, and, in severe cases, skeletal deformities. It can be cured by taking vitamin D from various food products, including milk, eggs, and fish. Our body also produces the vitamin when you’re exposed to sunlight.

10.         Write symptoms and preventive measures of scurvy?

Ans: The primary cause of scurvy is insufficient intake of vitamin C.

Scurvy symptoms may begin with appetite loss, poor weight gain, diarrhea, rapid breathing, fever, irritability, tenderness and discomfort in legs, swelling over long bones, bleeding (hemorrhaging), and feelings of paralysis.

Scurvy can be prevented by consuming enough vitamin C, either in the diet or as a supplement. Foods that contain vitamin C include:

·                     Oranges

·                     Lemons

·                     Blackcurrants

·                     Guava

11.         Write a note about Anaemia

Ans: Anaemia is usually defined as a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or haemoglobin in the blood. It can also be defined as a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen. Anaemia is caused by a deficiency of iron in your body. Anaemia signs and symptoms are:

·                     Fatigue

·                     Weakness

·                     Pale or yellowish skin

·                     Irregular heartbeats

·                     Shortness of breath

·                     Dizziness and headache

12.         Write importance of water in our body

Ans: (1) water plays an essential function in helping the regulation of body temperature. Sweating from the skin surface cools the body very efficiently.

 (2) It helps to remove the toxin material from the body

(3) It helps in digestion of food.

13.         Write difference between plant source and animal source.

Ans: Animal sources include many food items that come from an animal source. Eg meat, milk, eggs etc.

Plant sources include many food items that come from plant source. Eg, seeds, flowers. Roots, fruits etc.

14.         Write difference between obesity and under weight.

Ans: When we keep eating less, the body is deprived of the required amount of nutrients to maintain itself. We become underweight.  An underweight person is weak and cannot fight sickness.

Obesity is a condition where a person has accumulated so much body fat that it might have a negative effect on their health. Obese people are at a risk of developing heart diseases and diabetes.