HINDI ( SANGYA)

S.st NOTES --VILLAGES AND TOWNS IN ANCIENT INDIA

Q5. What do you know about Kaushambi as a Political Town?

Ans Kaushambi was one of the six most prosperous towns during the ancient India. It was the historic capital of the Mahajanapada of Vatsa and seat of the famous king Udayana. It was geographically well located and was connected with major regions in India. The archaeological evidences point towards the presence of a huge prosperous city during the ancient times. Excavations consist of the Ashokan Pillar and the Ghositarma. Monastery along with others such as a stone fortress palace, old coins, sculptures, monuments and idols. The archaeological evidences confirm the presence of major political dynasties of India - Mauryas and Guptas.  Besides, being a political centre, it was also a religious centre since Buddha visited the city. Some of the stupas have also been found from the ruins of the old city.

Q6. What do you know about Vaishali as a religious town?

Ans Vaishali was located on the banks of the River Gandak. Vaishali was closely associated with the two great religions - Buddhism and Jainism. Lord Mahavira was born in Vaishali and had lived there.  Gautam  Buddha,  had also visited the citymany times. The Chinese pilgrim, Fa-hsein, mentions several important monasteries and shrines situated there. The second great  council of Buddhists was held at Vaishali to present the rules of conduct .

The Government And Its Formation

QI Fill in the blanks

QII. Tick the correct answer.

1. The local government looks after the city, town and village.

2. China has a communist type of government.

3. In the nineteenth century the women had no say in the state of affairs.

4. In India the minimum age to vote is eighteen years.

5. The government maintains an army to safeguard the country from foreign invasion.

1. What was the minimum age to vote in Japan?

a. 21 b. 17

c. 18 d. 20

2. What is a country that chooses its leaders by voting called?

a. Democratic b. Communist

c. Anarch d. Dictatorship

3. They did not allow their black population to vote.

a. The Australians b. The Old South of the United

c. The Finland d. The North Korea

4. The Suffragette was the name given by the newspaper. 

States

a. The Kesari b. The HarijanBandhu

c. The Daily Times d The Daily Mail

IV. Read the passage given below

Answer the following questions:

1. What does the above passage tell us about?

The above passage tells us about the different types of

governments in India..

2. Who is the current Prime Minister of India?

Mr. NarendraModi is the current Prime Minister of India.

3. What does the Union Government look after?

The Union Government looks after the matters of national

importance like the defence, national finance etc.

4. The Panchayat belongs to which type of government.

The Panchayat belongs to the Rural Local Self-Government

5. Find some information on the Panchayat and write few lines

for the same.

The villagers elect a group of five elders as panchas. They deal

with the local problems and solve disputes among the

villagers. The Panchayat is headed by the village sarpanch.

Panchayats are elected for 3 to five years. Its functions are

limited to the village. It has three parts the Gram Sabha, the

Gram Panchayat and the Nyaya Panchayat. Repairingroads,

providing drinking water facilities, helping farmers are few of

the functions of the Panchayat.

6. Why does the Indian Government operate at different levels?

The Prime Minister alone cannot attend to each and every

need of the people and hence to make the task of

administration easier the Indian Government operates at

different levels.

S .sT W SFrom Janas to Mahajanapadas

QI Answer in one word:

1. Which metal was largely used in the Later Vedic Period?

Iron

2. Rajapura and Dvaraka were the important towns of

which mahajanapada?

Kambhoja

3. Which district was the capital of Kashi?

Varanasi

4. Vatsa was situated on the banks of which river?

Yamuna

5. Which kingdom was located around Delhi?

Kuru

6. Which Mahajanapada did the rivers Son and Champa

protect?

Magadha

7. Which place was located at the junction of the

Uttarapatha and the Dakshinapatha.

Surasena

8. Name the tax on crops that farmers had to pay?

Bhaga

9. Which clan did Lord Mahavira belong to?

Jhatrikas

10. Name the type of revenue in which the Raja claimed

the revenue?

Republican

1. They were considered infereior to men (women)
3. King who ruled between 492BCE to 460BCE (ajatshatru)
6. Capital of Gandhara. (taxila)
7. A tax on crops (bhaga)
 9. The Brahmans, Kshtriyas
2. Magadha and Kosala are examples of this government. (republican)
4. The term used for the eight clans of which the Vajji state was a part of (ashtakula)
5. The small tribes during the vedic period were known as (janas) and Vaishyas were allowed to perform this ceremony. (upanayana)
8. The territory of Malla lied to the north of this confideration. (vajji)

Geography Questions and Answers of Chapter- EARTH'S EMPIRE

EARTH’S EMPIRE

Q1: Write down four major spheres of our earth.

Ans: 1. The physical Domain:

a)  Lithosphere (land)

b) Atmosphere (air)

c)   Hydrosphere (water)

2. The biological domain:

Biosphere

Q2: What do you mean by Lithosphere?

Ans:  Lithos means rock. Ths layer is called crust and extends upto the depth of 100 Km. Lithosphere is mainly composed of minerals. These masses on the surface of the earth is called continents and the water bodies surrounding these landmasses are called ocean basins.

Q3: Answer the following:

a)  Largest continent: Asia

b) Asia and Europe combine called as –Eurasia

c)   Dark continent: Africa

d) A continent surrounded by 3 oceans Arctic, pacific and Indian ocean: Asia

e)  This continent is separated from Europe by 3 mountains, Ural Mountains, The Caspian sea and the black sea.

f)    The largest desert of the world: Sahara

g)  The longest river : Nile river

h) Continent which is surrounded by oceans and seas from all sides:  Africa

i)     North America and South America are separated by : Isthmus of Panama Canal

j)     Europe and Africa are separated by : Strait of Gibraltar

Q4: Why Africa is called Dark Continent?

Ans: It is called Dark Continent because it developed slowly and for a very long time it remained unexplored.                                                                                                                                                                     

Q5:  What are the geographical barriers which separate largest and second largest continent?

Ans: Asia and Africa are separated by Suez Canal.

Q6: Write names of major latitudes which pass through following continents:

a)  Asia: Tropic of cancer

b) Africa: Tropic of cancer, Equator and tropic of Capricorn

c)   Antarctica-South pole

d) Europe: The Arctic Circle

Q7: Which is the island Continent and why is it called so?

Ans: Island continent is the name given to Australia. It is called so because it is an island (surrounded by water from all sides)

Q8: What is the name of research stations of India in Antarctica?

Ans: Maitri and Dakshin Gangotri

Q9: Write down the importance of lithosphere.

Ans: Lithosphere is important because of the following reasons:

·      The rocks and minerals found in lithosphere are used by different industries.

·      It provides homes to animals and plants.

·      It provides soil needed for agriculture.

·      It gives us land needed by various activities.

Q10: What is the distribution of water present on earth?

Ans:  Earth’s 71% is covered by water and remaining 29% is land. Out of this 71%, 97.25 percent is oceans. The remaining 2.75 percent is fresh water for human consumption.

Q11: Name four major oceans present in the world.

Ans: The four major oceans are Pacific, the Atlantic ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean.

Q12: Answer the following in one world:

a)  Largest and deepest ocean: The pacific Ocean

b) The deepest place on the earth in pacific ocean: Mariana Trench

c)   Connection between Pacific ocean and Arctic ocean- Bering Strait

d) Depth of Mariana trench- 11,034 meters

e)  Busiest ocean in the world: Atlantic ocean

f)    Smallest ocean- Arctic ocean

g)  Extensions of Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Ocean- Southern Ocean

h) Meaning of Pacific:  Calm and Tranquil

i)     A sea which is an extension of Atlantic ocean- Caribbean Sea

Q13:  Why Atlantic ocean is the busiest ocean in the world?

Ans: Because of its irregular coast, it is an ideal location for ports and harbours and facilitates trade and commerce. That’s why it is the busiest ocean in the world.

Q14: Which three continents surround the Arctic Ocean?

Ans: North America , Europe and Asia.

Q15: Why do Mountain climbers find it difficult to breathe at higher altitude?

 Ans: Because air density decreases as we go high in altitudes (heights). Because of less air mountain climbers find it difficult to breathe.

Q16: What is Greenhouse effect?

Ans: Carbon di oxide helps to keep earth warm by absorbing heat radiated from earth. This is known as greenhouse effect. And Carbondioxide is called greenhouse gas.

Q17: What causes air to move?

Ans: The difference between the air pressure of two places causes movement of air.

Q18: How do we understand Biosphere?

Ans: Biosphere contains life present in other 3 sphere of earth. Biosphere is divided into two groups:

Plant Kingdom and Animal Kingdom

Q19: What is an ecosystem?Give an example.

Ans: A zone that is characterised by a distinct climate, plant and animal life. For example, Pond ecosystem, forest ecosystem, mountain ecosystem etc.

Q20: Write a function of nitrogen gas.

Ans: It dilutes Oxygen.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

HINDI (CYCLE TEST 2)

FROM JANAS TO MAHAJANAPADAS