SCIENCE CHAPTER 8 BODY MOVEMETS WORKBOOK ANSWER

 

Ch8. Body movements

1.	Name the following:
(a)	The structure by which a cockroach can sense any danger.
ans:	Cerci
(b)	The hair-like bristles which are present on the underside of an earthworm’s body.
ans:	Setae
(c)	Places where two or more bones meet.
ans:	Joint
(d)	The bones in the wrist.
ans:	Carpals
2.	State true or false. Correct the false statements.
(a)	Animals with backbone are called invertebrates.
ans:	 False  The animals without backbone are called as vertebrates. / The animals with backbone are called as vertebrates.
(b)	The human skeleton is made up of 102 bones.
ans:	 False  The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones.
(c)	The wings of birds are covered with feathers for flying.
ans:	True
(d)	The backbone of a fish is flexible.
ans:	True
3.	Fill in the blanks:
(a)	Cartilage is a tough and elastic substance and is flexible as opposed to bones.
(b)	A cockroach as three pair of legs.
(c)	Birds have light and hollow bones.
(d)	The body of a snake is covered with scales which allow it to slither on the ground.

Objective type questions

	In following questions, the Assertion and Reason have been put forward. Read the statements carefully and choose the correct alternative from the following:
(A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion. (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion. (C) Assertion is true but the Reason is false. (D) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
(a)	Assertion: Snails have four tentacles on their head. Reason: The lower tentacles bear the eyes of the snail.
ans:	(D) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
(b)	Assertion: The backbone is made up of 33 small bones known as the vertebrae. Reason: Backbone is also known as the vertebral column.
ans:	(A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
1.	Define the following terms:
(a)	Locomotion
ans:	The act of moving from one place to another is known as locomotion.
(b)	Floating ribs
ans:	The two bottom pairs of ribs that are not joined to the breastbone or sternum are called floating ribs.
2.	Answer in brief:
(a)	What is downstroke? Which two organs are protected by rib cage?
ans:	The heart and the lungs are protected by the rib cage.
(b)	Explain the terms: (i) upstroke (ii) downstroke

Theory type questions

ans:	 The bird then lifts the wings upwards in preparation for another downstroke and continues. This is termed ‘upstroke’.  While flying, a bird first moves its wings down and forward. This lifts the body of the bird in the air. This movement is termed ‘downstroke’.
(c)	What is bone marrow? State its function.
ans:	 The soft and spongy mass inside the bones are called bone marrow.  The bone marrow produces blood cells.
(d)	State one function of each of the following:
(i) Fins in fish
ans:	Fish have pairs of fins which helps in:  maintaining balance  changing directions
(answers may vary)
(ii) Foot in snail
ans:	 The foot produces wave-like movements which propel the body of the snail forward. / Foot helps in movement of snail.  Produces mucous.
(answers may vary)
3.	Give reasons for the following:
(a)	A snail does not get cut if it moves over a sharp razor blade.
ans:	Snail does not get cut if it moves over a sharp razor blade due to its muscular foot and, because of the protective and slimy mucous which reduces friction.
(b)	Snakes can move very fast.
ans:	While moving, the body of a snake curves into many loops and each loop presses against the ground to give a forward push to the body. Making several such loops helps the snake to move very fast.

Observe the given diagram and answer the questions that follow.
(a)	Label the parts 1 to 4.
ans:	 1- Femur  2- Tibia  3- Fibula  4- Tarsals
(b)	List two activities that can be performed by using the lower limbs.
ans:	One can walk, run and jump using the lower limbs.
Read the following paragraph and answer the following questions:
Sam was hospitalized after falling down while playing in the school. He was immediately rushed to the doctor. He was not able to walk properly due to severe pain in his right leg. Doctor suggested to get an X-ray test done.
(a)	Why doctor advised to take an X-ray image?
ans:	X-rays are radiations which can pass through skin and soft tissues but cannot pass through bones. Hence bones can be clearly seen in X-ray image. If any bone may have broken, the doctor would immediately start with the treatment.
(b)	Who discovered X-rays?
ans:	X-rays were discovered by German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen.

Real life learning
Diagram based questions

Given below is the diagram of a part of human skeleton. Complete the diagram by joining the dots in correct sequence.
Clue: This part of the skeleton system protects the brain.
You discover an unusual new organism in the deep sea and you are studying its skeletal system in your school laboratory aquarium. The organism appears to have a liquid-filled body. The liquid filled in its body is helping it to maintain its shape. (i) What kind of skeletal system does this organism most likely have- exoskeleton or endoskeleton? (ii) Name one animal that have the same type of skeleton system as that of this animal.
ans:	 endoskeleton  earthworm

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SCIENCE CHAPTER 8 BODY MOVEMENTS TEXTUAL ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 8

BODY MOVEMENTS

Textual Question Answer:

 

1 Choose the correct option.

a. Which of the following is a slightly movable joint?

i. Joints between wrist bones                                     ii. Knee joint

iii. Joints between vertebrae                         iv. Shoulder joint

b. Which of the following is a specialised organ found in a cockroach?

i. Setae                                                            ii. Cerci

iii. Scales                                                         iv. Swim bladder

c. Which of the following animals is a vertebrate?

i. Snake                                                                       ii. Snail

iii. Earthworm                                                             iv. Cockroach

d. Which of the following joints is a ball and socket joint?

i. Elbow joint                                                   ii. Neck joint

iii. Knee joint                                                   iv. Shoulder joint

e. Birds can fly because they have .

i. a streamlined body                                      ii. hollow bones

iii. wings and feathers                                    iv. all of these

 

2. Fill in the blanks.

a. The act of moving from one place to another is known as locomotion .

b. The bristles present on the underside of an earthworm are called as Setae.

c. The eyes of a snail are located on the bigger (upper) tentacles.

d. The joints between the parts of a finger are  hinge joints.

 

3. State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).

a. Movement is brought about by the contraction and relaxation of muscles.  (T)

b. A snail moves with the help of setae.                                                                        (T)   

c. A pivot joint allows us to move our arms.                                                                  (F)   

d. The rib cage protects the lungs and the heart.                                                          (T)

e. Outer skeleton is present in cockroach.                                                                       (T)

f. Our skull has movable joints.                                                                                        (F)

g. Cartilages are harder than bones.                                                                               (F)  

4. Answer the following questions in brief.

a. Name the parts of the human skeleton.

ANS: The main parts of the human skeleton are the skull, the spine or the backbone, the rib cage, the limbs, the shoulder bones and the pelvic bones.

b. Explain the importance of a swim bladder in a fish.

ANS: A swim bladder in a fish can be filled with air or emptied to help them move up and down in water.

c. Name the different features of the body of a bird that help in flying.

ANS:  The following features help the birds to fly;

Ø  The bodies of birds are streamlined, which reduces the resistance of air while flying.

Ø  Birds have light and hollow bones.

Ø  The forelimbs in birds are modified into wings.

Ø  The wings are covered with feathers which help in flying.

Ø  Birds have strong shoulder bones and chest muscles to support the movement of wings during flight.

d. Explain the role of muscles in movement of bones.

ANS: Muscles always work in pairs. The shortening of muscle fibres is known as contraction and the lengthening of muscle fibres is known as relaxation. One end of a muscle is attached to a movable bone and another is attached to a fixed bone. When a muscle contracts, the movable bone is pulled with the muscle. Hence, the alternate contraction and relaxation of the muscles brings about movement of bones.

e. Differentiate between a invertebrate and an vertebrate.

Invertebrates	Vertebrates
Invertebrates do not possess a backbone not an internal skeleton	Vertebrates possess a backbone and an internal skeleton.
Invertebrates have an exoskeleton	Vertebrates do not possess an exoskeleton.
examples of invertebrate animals are earthworms, snails and insects such as a cockroach.	examples of vertebrate animals are fish, snakes, birds and men.

 

5 Define the following.

a. Backbone: The long bony structure that runs down the centre of back, from the base of the skull to the lower back is known as the backbone.

b. Movement and locomotion: Animals that perform movements without shifting from one place is called movement & the act of moving from one place to another is known as locomotion

c. Gliding Joint: A type of joint where flat bones glide over each other to permit movements is known as a gliding joint.

d. Fixed Joint: The joints that are immovable are called fixed joints.

6. Answer the following questions in detail.

a. What are the different types of joints present in the human body?

ANS: The places where two or more bones come together are called joints.

On the basis of the freedom of movement allowed by joints, we can classify joints as:

• Immovable or fixed joints such as the joints between skull bones

• Slightly movable joints such as the joints between the vertebrae

• Freely movable joints such as

1.     Ball and socket joints

2.     Pivotal joints

3.     Hinge joints

4.     Fixed joints

5.     Gliding joints

b. How does a snail move?

ANS: The foot produces wave-like movements which propels the body of the snail forward. The foot secretes a slimy substance mucous that avoids friction and even helps to move over a sharp objects without getting cut. With its muscular foot and mucus, the snail can easily glide over smooth or rough surfaces & can move vertically and even upside-down. 

c. What is X-ray imaging? What are the uses of an X-ray image?

ANS: X-ray imaging are radiations which can pass through skin and soft tissues but cannot

pass through bones, hence bones can be clearly seen.

Uses of an X-ray image: An X-ray images can be used to study bones and find out if a bone is fractured or not so the doctor would immediately start with the treatment.

7. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)

a. Abhay is running really fast. What are the different types of joints that

are helping Abhay run?

ANS: The different types of joints that are helping Abhay run are Ball-andsocket joint and Gliding joint

b. How does spending time in sunlight improve bone growth and development?

ANS: Sunlight helps the body to make its own vitamin D, which is important for strong bones 

 

c. Imagine we had a single long bone as our backbone, instead of small bones. Would

movement have been possible?

ANS: No, if we did not have small bones we would not be able to bend forward, backward and also allows us to twist.

 

8. Complete the following table:

CRITERIA
Name of  th      e joint Na	Ball and Socket Joint	Gliding joint	Hinge joint	Pivot joint
Direction of movement	variety of movements like swing, flap and rotate	to move a little in many directions	only in one direction (back and forth movement)	move from side to side & also forward and backward
Loca         joint	shoulder joint, hip joint	Joints between the wrist & ankle bones	The elbow and the knee joints, joints between the parts of a finger	Joints in our neck (between the skull and the spine)

 

 

 संस्कृत पाठ 8 - पञ्चश्लोका : 

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1s_PeJdoGBXi3z8VtE8g0kHHdDoDpMlal/view?usp=sharing

History Ch. 7 - Jainism and Buddhism

 

Chapter Name - Jainism and Buddhism

 

Q1. Choose the appropriate option.

a. Asteya means not to steal.

b. Karma means sum of a person action in this and previous birth.

c. Agam Sutra are the sacred books of the Jainism.

 

Q2. Fill in the blanks

a. A Tirthankara is an enlightened soul who is born as human being an

intense perfection through intense meditation.

b. The founder of Jainism was Rishabhadev.

c. A Buddhist monk is also known as Bhikshus.

 

Q3. Match the columns

 

Column A	Column B
a) Chandragupt Maurya	Jainism
b) Vinay Pitaka	Basket of discipline
c) Lumbini	Birth Place of Buddhism
d) Shvetambara	Sects of Jainism

                                  

Q4. Answer the following question in 10 to 20 words

a) Which languages were adopted by the Mahayana and Hinayana sects.

Ans. Hinayana adopted Pali language and Mahayana adopted Sanskrit

language.

b) What were the Upanishads initially known as?

Ans. The Upanishads were initially known as Vedanta, which literally

means the conclusion to the Vedas.

c) Which event is called as the ‘Turning of the Wheel of Law’?

Ans. Gautama Buddha delivered his first sermon in the Pali language at

Sarnath, which is called the ‘Turning of the Wheel of Law’.

 

Q5. Answer the following questions in 50 to 70 words.

a) Write a brief note on the Upanishads.

Ans. The term Upanishad literally means ‘approaching and sitting near’, In Sanskrit, ‘upa’ means near; ‘ni’ means down and ‘sad’ means to sit. The Upanishads were initially known as Vedanta, which literally means the conclusion to the Vedas. There were various Upanishads such as Isha, Kena, Katha, Parsha, Mundaka, Koushik, Taittiriya, Aitareya, Chandogya and Brihadaranyaka.

 

b) Discuss the teachings of Jainism.

Ans. Teachings of Jainism

The five principles of Jainism are:

❖ Ahimsa: not to injure any living being

❖ Satya: not to speak lies

❖ Asteya: not to steal

❖ Tyag: not to own property

❖ Brahmacharya: observance of celibacy

 

c) What were the factors responsible for the rise of Jainism and

Buddhism?

Ans. The rigidity in the caste system saw great opposition, which later on gave rise to new religions.

❖ The caste system gave importance to the three upper castes; Brahmins, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas. The Shudras were looked down upon.

❖ As trade was increasing, the economic conditions of the Vaishyas improved. However, they were

considered lower in the social ladder as compared to Brahmins and Kshatriyas. This became the reason for their dissatisfaction.

❖ People were forced to follow elaborate and costly rituals as subscribed by the Brahmins. Animal sacrifice became common.

❖ Importance was given to Sanskrit which was not understood by the masses. All these factors led to religious unrest in India.

❖ People wanted a simple religion in a language known to them. These were fulfilled by the teachings of Gautama Buddha and Vardhaman Mahavira.

 

d) Write about the Four Noble Truths.

Ans. The Four Noble Truths are as follows:

❖ The world is full of suffering and sorrow.

❖ The cause of suffering and sorrow is human desire.

❖ The sufferings can be ended by conquering desires.

❖ Desires can be conquered and freedom from the cycle of birth and death can be attained by nirvana. The Eightfold Path or the Ashtangika Marga leads to nirvana.

 

Q6. Give reasons.

a. Buddhism spread nationally and internationally.

Ans. The spread of Buddhisn was due to two main things, The

support of common people and state patronage. Ashoka promoted

Buddhism to Sri Lanka, later the Mahayana sect of Buddhism reached

South-East Asia and China. In the 6th century CE, it extended to

Cambodia and in the 4th century CE to Thailand. The influence of

Buddhism also established its root in countries and regions such as

Myanmar, Nepal, Tibet, Central Asia and Japan.

 

b) Very few people followed Jainism.

Ans very few people followed Jainism because farmers found it difficult to follow the rules by the

religion, they had to kill insects to protect their crops. Jainism was largely supported by the

traders.