Chapter 1 – Life needs food

 Q. 1 List important deficiency diseases, their causes, symptoms and remedies to treat them.

Deficiency	Causes	Symptoms	Remedy
Night Blindness	caused due to deficiency of vitamin A	poor/ loss of vision, dryness of eyes as tear glands do not produce tears, cannot see in dim light	consume vitamin A rich food like carrots, papaya
Rickets	caused due to deficiency of vitamin D (Sunshine vitamin)	occurs in young children, twisting and softening of bones, bone deformities, bow shaped legs, knock knees/ pigeon chest	Eat vitamin D rich food, expose babies and children to morning sunlight, skin makes it Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight
Scurvy	caused due to deficiency of vitamin C (overcooking, discarding the water in food item)	swollen, bleeding gums, skin, pain in joints, reduced body weight, may cause sudden death	Eat vitamin C rich food ( citrus fruits, vegetables, germinated pulses)
Goitre	caused due to deficiency of iodine (iodine is essential for thyroxine hormone production)- control growth and metabolic activities	enlargement of the thyroid gland, mental retardation, stunted physical growth	Consume food rich in iodine like shellfish, Iodized salt.
Anemia	caused due to deficiency of iron (low haemoglobin in blood)	pale skin, flat and pale nails, dark patches below eyes, frequent headaches, easily tired, breathless, poor concentration, worm infestations	Consume food rich in iron like leafy vegetables, meat, liver, fish

Q2. Enumerate important minerals

Minerals	Sources	Functions	Deficiency Diseases
Calcium	milk, eggs, fish, green vegetables,shrimps, curd, cheese, ragi	building bones, teeth – make them stronger	deformed bones, poor development of teeth, soft, brittle bones
Phosphorus	milk, fish, banana, whole grains,	strong bones and teeth bad teeth	brittle bones
Iron	green leafy vegetables, fish, meat, pulses, apples , raisins, whole wheat, liver	formation of red blood cells (RBC)	loss of appetite, pale and dull look,
Potassium	tomatoes, banana, oranges, peas, leafy vegetables, beans	helps to keep muscles, brain and nerves healthy	muscle weakness, paralysis
Iodine	shellfish, edible marine algae, vegetables and fruits grown in the coastal regions,  iodized salt	needed for proper growth of the body	enlargement of the thyroid gland, mental retardation